Ebook Panduan Asas Ternakan Ikan Keli (Siri 1)
Bertani menjanjikan pendapatan lumayan
source : Utusan Malaysia Online (27/10/2008)
KOTA SAMARAHAN 26 Okt. - Golongan belia di Sarawak disaran supaya membabitkan diri dalam bidang pertanian yang bakal menjanjikan pendapatan lumayan kepada mereka.
Menteri Muda di Pejabat Ketua Menteri (Pembangunan Usahawan Bumiputera), Mohd. Naroden Majais (gambar) berkata, kecenderungan belia untuk berhijrah ke bandar bagi mencari peluang pekerjaan membuatkan bidang pertanian ini masih dipelopori golongan yang sudah berumur.
Beliau berkata, golongan belia seharusnya sedar bahawa bidang pertanian juga menjanjikan pendapatan lumayan sekiranya diusahakan secara serius berikutan krisis ekonomi dunia yang menyebabkan kenaikan harga makanan.
Katanya, perkembangan ekonomi semasa pada masa ini membuka banyak peluang kepada golongan belia untuk menceburi bidang pertanian berikutan pengeluaran makanan utama seperti beras semakin berkurangan.
''Pada masa yang sama, permintaan terhadap produk pertanian seperti beras ini tidak pernah berkurangan dan ia bakal menjamin masa depan kepada petani," katanya di sini.
Beliau berkata demikian pada penutupan seminar peluang niaga tani peringkat Bahagian Samarahan di Dewan Suarah di sini.
Seramai 178 peserta menghadiri seminar sehari itu yang dianjurkan Pejabat Belia dan Sukan Bahagian Samarahan.
Naroden yang juga Menteri Muda Perancangan dan Pengurusan Sumber Sarawak berkata, selain pertanian, golongan belia juga boleh membabitkan diri dalam bidang penternakan ikan keli secara komersial.
Menurutnya, ikan keli matang dalam masa tiga bulan dan ia boleh dijadikan pelbagai produk seperti ikan sardin dan minyak Omega 3 yang terdapat dalam badan ikan keli boleh dijadikan ubat untuk melawan penyakit.
''Kejayaan menternak ikan keli secara komersial juga telah dibuktikan secara komersial oleh usahawan bumiputera tempatan," katanya.
Naroden berkata, golongan belia yang berminat untuk bertani boleh mendapatkan pelbagai bantuan daripada kerajaan seperti Tabung Ekonomi Kumpulan Usaha Niaga (TEKUN) yang menyediakan pinjaman sehingga RM50,000 tanpa cagaran bagi membolehkan usahawan bumiputera memulakan perniagaan.
Beliau berkata, selain itu, bagi belia yang berminat menjadi usahawan boleh menghubungi Majlis Pembangunan Usahawan Bumiputera bagi membincangkan peluang perniagaan yang boleh diceburi.
The Fisheries Department will implement four projects in Sarawak in the near future under the National Food Safety Policy.
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The projects identified by the department are: Rehabilitation of Idle Fish Ponds, Creation of Aquaculture Industry and Hatchery Zones, Green Earth, and Giving out Incentives.
This was disclosed by the director-general Datuk Junaidi Che Ayub when he chaired a meeting of the Industrial Dialogue Council (Majlis Perundingan Industry - MPI) here yesterday.
The meeting was also attended by the department's director of Bio Security, Diagnostic and Quality Control Division, Ahmad Hazizi Aziz; state Marine Fisheries director, Azlisha Abdul Aziz; officers of related government departments; fishermen and industry players.
Using the projects under the Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry, the government will help rehabilitate idle fish ponds by giving money, equipment, fish fry, and feeds to the owners.
Aquaculture and hatchery zones will be created to increase production and fish fry.
Under the Green Earth project, rearing of catfish (ikan keli) in semi-urban and rural areas will be accorded greater priority, and those doing it will be given plastic or canvas tanks, fry, feeds and equipment.
The government will also give cash incentives to productive rearers based on the tonnage of fish or prawns harvested.
On export of fish and fish-products, particularly to countries in Europe, Junaidi said it was very important for Malaysian rearers, exporters and competent authorities to comply fully with European Union (EU) requirements in all aspects of rearing, safety, traceability and hygiene in order to avoid rejection of consignment which would cause major losses to all parties.
"All parties including middlemen should keep proper records. We must be prepared for the implementation of food traceability system worldwide one day," said Junaidi.
He expressed sadness as regards to recent audit findings by the Health Department that no fish factory in Sarawak could meet EU standard.
He also advised fishermen and owners of fish ponds to improve their Hygiene On Board (HOB) criteria and practices in respect of design, layout, personal hygiene, hygienic ice-cubes and clean water sources to meet stringent requirements by EU countries.
"The department will conduct HOB checks on vessels and aquaculture farms in Sarawak soon," he said.
Junaidi also disclosed that recently Australia gave consent to the department to issue Certificate of Hygiene for fish and fish-products and prawns and prawn-products, effective next month.
On export to the USA, Junaidi disclosed that recently the USFDA Seafood HACCP Inspection Mission audited six companies in Malaysia.
From Korea the department has also received a request to audit fish-processing companies in the country, including seafood company premises.
This, said Junaidi, augured well for the development of the fish export sector.
He cautioned that their high standard must be met first.
--BorneoPost (2008-07-11)
Penduduk sekitar Sri Aman digalak ternak ikan keli
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| SIMOI Peri menyampaikan sijil tamat kursus kepada salah seorang peserta (kiri) Kursus Keusahawanan dan Pengendalian Lepas Tuai Ikan Keli di Sri Aman, semalam. |
Ahli Dewan Undangan Negeri (DUN) Lingga, Simoi Peri berkata, penglibatan dalam bidang tersebut secara tidak langsung menggalakkan penduduk di kawasan ini terbabit dalam bidang keusahawanan yang memberi peluang kepada masing-masing untuk meningkatkan pendapatan.
Menurutnya, penglibatan penduduk khususnya kaum bumiputera dalam bidang penternakan ikan keli juga dilihat sebagai langkah awal dalam melibatkan diri dengan dunia perniagaan yang boleh dikembangkan sehingga ke peringkat antarabangsa.
''Penduduk tidak perlu risau dengan pasaran ikan keli ini kerana Lembaga Pemasaran Pertanian Persekutuan (FAMA) boleh membantu untuk memasarkan hasil-hasil ternak tersebut di seluruh negeri ini.
''Malah, projek penternakan ikan keli ini tidak melibatkan kos pengendalian yang tinggi, maka adalah bagi penduduk di kawasan luar bandar untuk menceburi bidang terbabit," katanya.
Beliau berucap merasmikan Majlis Penutupan Kursus Keusahawanan dan Pengendalian Lepas Tuai Ikan Keli di sebuah restoran tempatan di bandar Sri Aman di sini semalam.
Simoi berkata, beliau yakin penduduk di kawasan Sri Aman mampu melangkah lebih jauh dalam bidang penternakan ikan keli memandangkan belum terdapat mana-mana pihak yang menceburi bidang terbabit secara serius di daerah berkenaan.
Katanya, para penduduk perlu sedar bahawa ikan keli mempunyai pasaran luas malah menjadi hidangan makanan kegemaran orang ramai di restoran-restoran di bandar utama di Sarawak.
Sehubungan itu tambahnya, beliau meminta pengerusi Jawatankuasa Keselamatan dan Kemajuan Kampung (JKKK) dan ketua kaum di daerah ini mengenalpasti para penduduk yang berminat untuk menceburi penternakan ikan keli itu.
''Orang ramai juga boleh mendapatkan maklumat lanjut daripada pihak bertanggungjawab khususnya Jabatan Pertanian sekiranya berminat untuk memulakan bidang ini," ujarnya.
Dalam pada itu, seramai 42 peserta telah menamatkan kursus anjuran Unit Pembangunan Usahawan Bumiputera, Jabatan Ketua Menteri dengan kerjasama Majlis Pembangunan Usahawan Bumiputera Bahagian Sri Aman dan FAMA.
Salam Ma'al Hijrah 1430H & Selamat Tahun Baru 2009
Dipengakhir Tahun Hijrah 1429H (28 Disember 2008) ini marilah kita bersama memohon kepada Allah agar di ampunkan segala dosa dan kesilapan kita sama ada yang kita sedari mahupun yang kita tidak sedari sepanjang tahun kehidupan kita. Dan setelah menjelang Tahun Baru Hijrah 1430H (selepas Maghrib) Marilah kita mohon kepada Allah agar memudahkan segala urusan kita disepanjang tahun, dipimpin kita agar termasuk dalam golongan yang beriman dan beramal soleh, dimurahkan rezeki yang HALAL dan Barakah, serta jika kita ditakdirkan meninggal dunia, moga Allah tempatkan kita dalam golongan yang diredhainya.
Selamat Menyambut Ma'al Hijrah 1430H dan Tahun Baru Masihi 2009 kepada semua pembaca laman web/blog www.ratukeli.com Moga semua usaha kita dalam meningkatkan ekonomi diri dan keluarga menerusi penternakan ikan keli dan usaha dalam bidang AGRO menghasilkan hasil yang lumayan dan barakah di Tahun Baru ini dan Tahun Seterusnya...
Semoga Kita Semua Beroleh Kejayaan Yang Gemilang.
"Selamat Menyambut Tahun Baru"
Buat Sendiri Kolam Kanvas Lebih MURAH
BAGAIMANA Kolam Kanvas boleh didapati dengan MURAH?
Sebenarnya, para penternak boleh menginovasi dan mengupah pembuatan kolam kanvas dengan pergi sendiri di kedai-kedai membaiki sofa dan meminta mereka membuat kolam kanvas dengan panjang x lebar x tinggi mengikut kehendak penternak. Melalui kaedah ini, para penternak boleh jimat lebih jauh berbanding membeli yang telah siap sedia digunakan. Bayangkan, jika para penternak boleh jimat dalam pembuatan kolam sendiri dan berapa margin untung diperoleh disebabkan oleh kos tetap "kolam" dapat dikurangkan?
Berdasarkan temubual dengan para penternak yang telah menggunakan kaedah membuat sendiri kolam kanvas (melalui upah kepada pekedai sofa), bagi kolam yang berukuran 10 kaki panjang x 4 kaki lebar x 4 kaki tinggi, kos bagi kanvas tidak lebih daripada RM300.00 Bagi rangka untuk mendirikan kolam kanvas, para penternak boleh menggunakan kayu hutan/kayu bulat/apa-apa benda yang dapat menjadi rangka kepada kolam kanvas. Yang penting adalah, kolam kanvas anda dapat berdiri dan dapat menakung air.
Bagi aliran keluar air pula, para penternak boleh buat sendiri dengan membeli "Stop Ball". Namun begitu, perlu hati-hati kerana jika tersalah pasang, kemungkinan besar kebocoran boleh berlaku.
Yang paling mustahak dalam menternak ikan keli adalah, ada air bertakung untuk ikan keli hidup dan membesar dan yang tidak kurang penting adalah KOS Pembangunan KOLAM yang murah. Melalui kaedah mengupah/membuat di kedai membaiki sofa, KOS bagi membuat Kolam Kanvas dapat dikurangkan dengan banyak.
Selamat berjaya.
Jangkitan Kemerahan Pada Ikan
Nak kongsi sedikit pengalaman kami apabila berlakunya kemerahan pada ikan akibat jangkitan kuman/bakteria/kulat .
Sejak sekian lama memelihara ikan keli dalam Kolam Simen, telah 2 kali berlaku kejadian yang sama iaitu kemerahan pada sirip ikan, mata cembung, dan kulit ikan menjadi "timbul-timbul macam buih"-sorry tak tahu perkataan yang sebetulnya. Kita suspek perkara ini berlaku kerana staf-staf kita telah masuk ke dalam kolam semasa mereka bengang ikan tidak dapat ditangkap dalam kolam besar dek kerana ada pelawat yang hendak merasa/membeli ikan dalam kolam berkenaan.
Apabila berlaku sedemikian, kami telah mengasingkan semua ikan yang terkena jangkitan dan masukkan ikan tersebut ke dalam Kolam Kuarantin. Di dalam Kolam Kuarantin kami masukkan garam KASAR sebagai penawar kepada ikan.
Alhamdulillah setelah 24 jam dalam kolam Kuarantin semua ikan selamat dan tiada lagi kemerahan pada ikan.
Moga dapat menjadi panduan kepada penternak sekalian. Jika tuan/puan ada info yang hendak dikongsi bersama berkenaan kaedah merawat ikan yang sakit, sila kongsikan dengan pihak kami. tQ
Read More..
Kursus Asas Penternakan Ikan Keli Sesi 10/2008 dan Sesi 11/2008
Sesi 11/2008 (Kuching) , Aqua Academy
Catfish: Marketing
The number of catfish processing facilities has varied over time as processing plants have been built, closed, restarted, and sold. Since a peak of catfish processing companies in 1990, the number of processors has fluctuated between 25 and 28 processors. There are four multi-plant processors with capacities greater than 50 million pounds/year, 12 with capacities between 10 to 50 million pounds/year, and three companies with 5 million pounds/year. These, combined with the very small facilities, comprised a total processing capacity of 676 million pounds of liveweight catfish in 2000.
As catfish farming continues to expand within and outside the traditional four-state region (Mississippi, Arkansas, Alabama, and Louisiana), additional processing companies are likely to enter the industry. However, it has been difficult to sustain operations without a guaranteed supply of fish, particularly in new or expanding catfish production areas. Some plants pay premium fish prices and transport fish long distances to keep plants working at full capacity. Competition for fish from traditional production areas from plants in non-traditional areas is expected to increase, at least until sufficient local production can be developed to supply new plants.
Processors generally deal with many wholesale or retail customers, and they thus have a market for different sized fish. For this reason, processors will generally allow more latitude in the size distribution of fish than may be permissible through some other market outlets. A final advantage of selling to a processor is that the processor bears the majority of the liability for any problems related to product safety or quality.
Of course, selling to a processor is not without its disadvantages. The primary disadvantage is that the producer is a price taker. That is, the producer has very little ability to try to negotiate a higher price with the processor. This situation is common to most producers of agricultural commodities. It is also worth noting that a producer is not guaranteed to be able to sell to a processor at any given time. Processors do generally handle a large volume of fish, but from time to time, even large processors may not need to make additional purchases.
Given the weak bargaining position, it is to the producer's advantage to have as much information about regional processors' operational characteristics. Key information would include:
historical prices paid for fish from the plant as compared to other plants;
dockage rates (poundage or percentage deducted from the total delivery amount) for non-target fish, out-of-size fish, or other reasons;
required stock purchases and/or billbacks;
transportation charges;
payment frequency to growers and typical length of time between the time of delivery of fish and receipt of payment;
seasonality issues;
delivery volume requirements;
fish size requirements;
quality standards and checks;
delivery quotas and scheduling patterns;
availability of contracts and requirements; and
state bonding requirements.
Direct Sales
The primary alternative to selling to processors is to market directly to a customer further down the marketing chain. Producers may try to establish direct sales outlets with wholesalers, retailers (e.g., local grocers or restaurants), or final consumers. The primary advantage of direct selling is that it is potentially a high-margin activity. In direct selling, the producer captures all or a large portion of the marketing margin. But direct selling is not necessarily easy. It may be difficult for an individual producer to establish business relationships with wholesalers, grocers, or restaurants. Moreover, these direct sales outlets may have very strict requirements for their suppliers.
Another issue to consider is that direct sales to local grocery stores and restaurants will probably require on-site processing unless restaurant personnel clean the fish. The ability to process fish on-site will likely require the producer to have a functioning Hazard Analysis, Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan in place. In direct selling, the producer assumes a great deal more liability for product safety or quality problems than in selling to a processor. The major problem with direct sales to consumers is that this is typically a very low volume market outlet.
Consumer Demand and Preference
The per capita consumption of all fish and seafood in the United States hit a new high in 2003 at 16.3 pounds, up from 15.6 pounds in 2002. U.S. farm-raised catfish was the fifth most consumed fish item at 1.137 pounds per capita, up from only 0.41 pounds per capita in 1985. In a recent survey of U.S. farm-raised catfish consumers, respondents stated that their reasons for eating catfish include:
enjoyment of flavor (68% of consumers),
health and nutrition (31%),
and addition of variety to their diet (22%).
The main reasons for not consuming catfish more often were:
price (22%),
lack of fresh product availability (16%),
lack of preparation knowledge (14%), and
too time consuming to prepare (13%).
Survey respondents that were located in "non-traditional" catfish consumption regions of the U.S. stated that they would eat more catfish if a good product was continuously available and secondly, if a variety of ready-to-eat products were widely available.
An important aspect of consumer preference relates to product form. Processors have responded to consumer preference by producing 60 to 70 percent fillets, 10 to 15 percent whole-dressed fish, 10 to 15 percent nuggets, and 10 to 15 percent value-added breaded, marinated, or strip/finger products.
Frozen fillet products have had the greatest increase both in volume and in sales. Processors sell approximately 50 percent of frozen product to distributors, 30 percent to national restaurant chains, and 20 percent to direct end users. Frozen products consist mainly of fillets, strips (from the whole fillet), or nuggets. Approximately 80 percent of fresh catfish products go to retail grocery stores or supermarket chains and the remainder to chain restaurants. Fresh catfish sold to retail groceries are usually in whole dressed, fillet, or nugget form. This preference for frozen over fresh fillets will likely continue, while fresh whole-dressed fish will continue to be favored over frozen whole-dressed fish.
source : http://msucares.com/aquaculture/catfish/marketing.html
Catfish: Disease
Catfish: Feeds and Feeding
Catfish: Water Quality
Kursus Asas Penternakan Ikan Keli Sesi-9
Kursus seterusnya akan diadakan pada 20 Disember 2008 bagi sesi ke-10/2008
Kenangan bersama peserta kursus di kolam
Gambar Kenangan Bersama Peserta Kursus Dari Oya
Read More..
Kepentingan Pemberian Makanan Yang Halal & Bersih
Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa Majlis Kebangsaan
Bagi Hal Ehwal Agama Islam kali ke - 76
Tarikh : 4-6 April 2006
Keputusan Muzakarah :
" Ikan yang dipelihara di dalam kolam ternakan dan seumpamanya adalah haram dimakan sekiranya ikan tersebut sengaja dipelihara di dalam air najis atau sengaja diberi makan najis seperti daging babi, bangkai atau sebagainya".
RUJUKAN:http://www.halaljakim.gov.my/content_view.php?IDarticle=129Merujuk kepada perkara diatas,adalah sangat lebih baik bagi kita untuk sentiasa memastikan ikan yang diternak mendapat makanan yang terbaik dan semestinya yang bersih & suci kerana ia telah menjadi satu kepentingan dalam Agama Islam,dan bukan terhad kepada kesihatan semata-mata.
Keperluan Penternak Untuk Mempunyai Lesen Bagi Kolam / Tangki
Sebagai penternak yang bersungguh-sungguh dalam usaha penternakan,maka adalah wajar bagi kita memperoleh lesen yang berkaitan dengan usaha ini.
Para penternak boleh memperoleh borang daripada Jabatan Pertanian. Bayaran Tahunan bagi kolam yang kurang dari 2.9 hektar (jika tidak silap) hanya berjumlah RM2.00 setahun.
Bagi mempermudahkan urusan mendapatkan lesen berikut merupakan senarai semakan bagi tujuan tersebut
Bagi melihat dengan lebih jelas,sila download contoh berkenaan di bahagian download RaTu KeLi Files
Read More..Kursus Asas Penternakan Ikan Keli Sesi 8/2008
Semasa Lawatan Sambil Belajar Di Kawasan Ternakan En Mahli
Mengenal Jantina Ikan
Sesi Taklimat Pembangunan Ekonomi & Kontrak Perladangan
Gambar Kenangan Bersama Peserta Kursus Di Kolam Ternakan TRADITIONAL AQUACULTURE EXTENSION PROGRAMMES ARE OF LIMITED VALUE FOR THE POOREST OF THE POOR IN BANGLADESH AS THEY HAVE NO PONDS
Source : http://www.nefisco.org/Chari%20in%20the%20Bari.htm
fish to be grown, because of its high growth rate, disease resistance, ability to take up oxygen from the air, etc., but that most local people are not aware of the potential of this fish. A few households in the CPP area have already been growing magur on their homesteads. This method proved to be successful, so CPP has taken up the task to spread this local knowledge among other households with emphasis on professional fishermen, landless, and other poor people. Initially 200 households have joined the Chari in the Bari programme.
The people from this target group have not benefited from the previous aquaculture extension programmes, because they do not have access to ponds. In the Chari in the Bari Programme a pond is not needed; a feeding bucket (or Chari) or a hole in the ground of approximately 1 m2 will be enough to grow 50 fish to marketable size.
Catfish fry is not available on the local market in the beginning of the year; therefore a small hatchery was built in the project office, where local staff have been producing 6000 catfish fry up to 3 grams. After production of this fry, selected homesteads were offered the possibility to buy 50 fry for a nominal fee (10 Tk), while the normal price for this number of fish would be between 25 and 50 Taka. Later local fish traders were taken along to the fish market in Jessore where it is possible to buy catfish fry. 200 households joined the programme.80% of the participants were females, 15% were males and 5% were children. Some socio economic parameters of the participants are presented below:
- Average daily income 1.2 US$ per household per day
- Average household size 4.7 persons
- 2-3 meals per day
- All participants were landless
The participants were given four rules for the rearing of the catfish:
- the fish need to be fed every day
- the food can be anything except grass and plastic
- bad smelling water needs to be changed
- no size difference of fish are allowed
The first rearing cycle lasted about 3-4 months, Fewer than 5% of the participants dropped out, and all of them during the first two weeks
On the average each household sold 5 kg of catfish with an average weight of 100-200 grams. They invested 0.25 US. All feed was gathered around the house and in the surrounding fields, which took about 1 hour per day
On the average each participant earned 8-10 US with the catfish rearing. This seems to be low for development projects. But it must be realized that this is equivalent to:
Therefore we concluded that the homestead rearing of catfish is:
- A successful method for poverty alleviation
- Can be used to improve the situation of women
